- About 17% of respondents reported “heavy drinking” in the past 30 days, according to the survey commissioned by Alkermes, an Ireland-based biopharmaceutical company.
- U.S. dietary guidelines recommend no more than one standard drink a day for women and two for men.
- The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and World Health Organization have said drinking too much alcohol may weaken the body’s immune response to COVID-19.
More than 18 months into the COVID-19 outbreak in the U.S., nearly 1 in 5 Americans is consuming an unhealthy amount of alcohol, a new survey suggests.
About 17% of respondents reported “heavy drinking” in the past 30 days, according to the survey conducted by analytics firm The Harris Poll and commissioned by Alkermes, an Ireland-based biopharmaceutical company.
The survey was conducted online from March 30 to April 7 among 6,006 U.S. adults ages 21 and older. Of those, 1,003 adults reported “heavy drinking.”
“Heavy drinking” was defined as having had two heavy drinking days in a single week at least twice in the previous 30 days. A “heavy drinking day” was defined as four or more drinks containing alcohol for women and five or more drinks containing alcohol for men.
Dr. Neeraj Gandotra, chief medical officer at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, said the study’s findings were “not surprising.” Almost 90% of individuals with substance use disorder are not in treatment, and alcohol and drug use typically worsen with isolation, Gandotra said.
Several studies have suggested Americans are buying more alcohol and drinking more frequently during the coronavirus pandemic.
A study by the RAND Corporation last fall found the frequency of alcohol consumption in the U.S. rose 14% compared with before the pandemic. Women, in particular, increased heavy-drinking days by 41%, according to the study.
Another study by researchers at the University of Arizona found “dramatic increases in harmful alcohol consumption” over the first six months of the pandemic. Greater alcohol consumption was most associated with job loss due to COVID-19, according to the study.
“While we are still learning how the COVID pandemic is impacting alcohol use, it seems clear that some people are drinking more while others are drinking less. In many studies, increases in consumption during the pandemic were linked to increases in stress,” NIAAA Director Dr. George Koob told USA TODAY.
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Stress of world events and anxiety about the future can increase drinking and exacerbate symptoms of alcohol use disorder, as seen in the wake of previous disasters such as 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, Koob wrote in a blog post last year.
As the world continues to battle COVID-19, it’s not clear if the trend is continuing.
“Dozens of relatively small survey studies have assessed alcohol consumption at various points during the pandemic, but it is unclear from these cross-sectional studies whether patterns of consumption are changing for people as the pandemic drags on,” Koob said. “It is entirely possible that levels of consumption continued to increase over time for some people while decreasing for others.”
According to the new The Harris Poll survey, many respondents who reported heavy drinking said that, over the last 12 months, they experienced negative mental, physical and psychosocial impacts.
Three in 10 said they continued to drink despite it making them feel depressed or anxious or adding to another health problem. About one in four reported they continued to drink after experiencing a memory blackout. More than one in five experienced withdrawal symptoms when the effects of alcohol were wearing off. And 23% gave up or cut back on activities that were important or interesting to them in order to drink.
The survey found more than half of respondents who reported heavy drinking were aware of treatment options for alcohol dependence, such as support groups and residential rehabilitation treatment options. But 87% were not undergoing treatment at the time of the survey.
More than half said they were either “very” or “somewhat” motivated to seek treatment for their drinking. Friends and family can play a role in influencing loved ones who drink heavily to seek help, the survey found.
Over half of survey respondents who reported heavy drinking said someone had expressed concern to them about their drinking. Among this group, nearly four in five said that it was a family member who had expressed concern. Almost half of this group who had sought treatment said that a reason they did so was because their family had expressed concern about their drinking.
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“Be honest with yourself if you are making decisions that are not in your best interest,” Gandotra said. “You can seek help anonymously or with friends and family who may also be affected by your drinking. Treatment is available and effective. You do not have to struggle alone.”
How much alcohol is too much?
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines advise limiting alcohol consumption to no more than three to four drinks per “occasion.” Men should have no more than 14 standard drinks a week; women should have no more than seven.
U.S. dietary guidelines recommend no more than one drink a day for women and two for men. A standard “drink” serving is a 12-ounce beer or hard seltzer with 5% alcohol, a 5-ounce glass of wine with 12% alcohol, or a 1.5-ounce shot of 40% alcohol, or 80 proof, liquor.
People who misuse alcohol have a greater risk of liver disease, heart disease, depression, stroke and stomach bleeding, as well as multiple cancers, according to NIAAA. Pregnant women, people taking medications and those recovering from alcohol use disorder should not be drinking alcohol
The NIAAA and World Health Organization have said drinking too much alcohol may weaken the body’s immune response to COVID-19.
“Alcohol misuse both activates the immune system, causing inflammation, and interferes with the body’s immune response to viral and bacterial infections,” Koob said in the post. “Ultimately, impaired immune system function and an increased susceptibility to respiratory illness could contribute to more severe COVID-19 and greater risk of mortality.”
If you’re concerned you might have a problem with alcohol, the NIAAA Rethinking Drinking website can help you evaluate their relationship with alcohol and decide how to proceed. For information about alcohol treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, visit the NIAAA Alcohol Treatment Navigator.
