People who have health conditions or take medications should consult a doctor before taking vitamin D supplements, Meltzer said. Too much vitamin D can cause a buildup of calcium in the blood, which can lead to nausea, vomiting, weakness, and frequent urination and eventually cause bone pain and kidney problems, according to the Mayo Clinic. It can take months of taking supplements or spending more time exposed to sunlight to correct a vitamin D deficiency, Meltzer said.